Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of blood cancer that affects the bone marrow, the organ responsible for producing blood cells. The disease is characterized by the rapid proliferation of abnormal white blood cells, known as myeloblasts, which build up in the bone marrow and blood, leading to a shortage of healthy blood cells. This can cause a wide range of symptoms, including:
- Fatigue and weakness
- Shortness of breath
- Easy bruising or bleeding
- Infections due to a lack of white blood cells
- Anemia (a low red blood cell count)
- Pain in the bones or joints
- Swelling or pain in the abdomen (from a
buildup of leukemia cells in the spleen or liver)
- Unusual weight loss
The exact cause of
AML is not known, but there are several factors that have been linked to an
increased risk of developing the disease. These include:
- Exposure to certain chemicals, such as benzene
- Genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome
- Previous cancer treatment with radiation or
chemotherapy
- Myelodysplastic syndrome (a blood disorder
that can progress to AML)
AML can also
develop in people without any known risk factors. AML is typically diagnosed
through a combination of blood tests, bone marrow tests, and imaging tests.
Treatment options can include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell
transplant.
It is important to
seek prompt medical attention if you have any symptoms that may be related to
AML, as early diagnosis and treatment can improve the chances of recovery.
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